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General

Basic Strategies For Effective Team Building

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Team management and group working is very essential part of official work. You should have to learn that how to collaborate with other partners, by keeping your personal issues, aside. For the benefit of your organization, you have to be professional. Working in team form is tricky, and you have to show your activeness and participation.These are the  basic Strategies for Effective Team teaching.

 Strategies For Effective Team Decision Making

When it comes about forming a team, it is of different types depending upon the quality and well as requirements of the work. Following types of teams can be formed.
 

Task force — Achieve a single goal in limited time


Quality assurance team — Focus on product or service quality


Cross-functional team — Join employees from various departments to                                                solve problems

 

Product development — Focus on the development cycle of new                                                         products

Virtual team — A team with members in more than one location

 

Team Behaviors:


Following behaviors must be adopted and these are the must requirements for being a part of a team.
 

Commitment — focused on mission, values, goals, and expectations


Cooperation— share a sense of purpose


Communication— know that information must flow smoothly


Contribution — expect all members to share abilities and skills with team

Group Decision Making Stages:

 

When you’re in a group, do remember you are not alone, you have to
take all other members with you, even if you are a leader. With out all members your group is incomplete.
 

Orientation: group identifies the problem and plans for reaching decision.

 

Discussion: researches, identifies & weighs options, tests assumptions.

 

Decision: group combines individual preferences into a collective decision.

 

Implementation: Group carries out decision and assesses its impact.

 
 

Types of Group Conflict:

 

Working in a team form, can also create many conflicts, as different people of different personalities do occur. Everyone has it’s own ideas, own

thoughts, and own ways of thinking. Depending upon the cause, 

following types of conflicts do exist.

 

Substantive Conflict:

 
        It deals with the type of conflict that occurs among group member
        within a same group.


Personal Conflict:

 
        It can occur among two persons, of a same group. Due to any bias or 
        personal problems.
 

Social Dilemmas:

 
        Conflict arise when motive of group overcomes by individual motive.
 

Procedural Conflict:

 
         In this type of conflict, persons have their own methodology and own 
         techniques.
 

Competition:

 
        Competition among two, the greatest cause of conflict. This must be 
        avoided because it causes severe effects.

Styles of Conflict Resolution:

 
As there’re different conflicts that arise, similarly different resolution do 
occur. One can handle a conflict sensibly by using the resolutions 
available for it. Following are given,
 

Competition:

 
       By competing is one of the way to resolve a issue. You should 
       compete if you are right.
 

Accommodation:

 
        Sometimes you need to accommodate and respect the opinion of 
        other person too. Take his decision with you as well.
 

Avoidance:

 
         It’s the best option! What you should do, avoidance, it will not create any mess.
 


Compromise:

 
         You can do compromise, with the situation. It gives you a better 
         chance to resolve anything.
 


Collaboration:

 
         Collaborating with others is also an important technique.
General

How to Write Meeting Minutes

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Minutes of Meeting describe specify what was   discussed and decided in a meeting, permanent record of the meeting for future reference. Include an overview of the structure of the meeting. Minutes are very important because its the conclusion of whole meeting.

How to Write Meeting Minutes Sample Format

ØGenerally, minutes begin with the organization name, place, date, list of people present, absent and the time.

ØAll the agenda for the said meeting.
ØAll official decisions must be included.
ØThe reports given and the person involve
ØThe vote tally may also be included
 
Ø  The date, time and place of the next meeting.
 
Ø  Assignments and the person responsible.
 
Ø The minutes may end with a note of the time that the meeting was adjourned.

 Importance Of Meeting Minutes?

ØConfirm any decisions made
ØRecord of any agreed actions to be taken
ØRecord of who has been allocated any tasks or responsibilities
ØProvide details of the meeting to anyone unable to attend
ØServe as a record of the meeting’s procedure and outcome



What Tasks Are Involved In Taking Minutes

¥Make A Short Summary About The Meetings Agenda
¥Make A List Of All The  Details Beforehand
¥Recording The Body Of The Minutes
¥Concluding The Minutes
¥Distributing The Minutes Among The Attendees
 
 

Forms Of Recording Minutes:

¥Video Recording ¥Audio Recording ¥Hand Recording 
 

The Body Of The Minutes:

¥Name of the organization
¥Date and time the meeting
¥Those present and those who could not attend
¥A list of the agenda items/topics
¥Summary of discussion for each agenda item
¥The actions people committed to
¥Summary of any decisions made
  
Styles Of Minutes:
vMinutes of Narration – These include some of the discussions and important details. This style of minutes is considered a legal document.
vReport – This is a full record of all discussions that includes the names of all speakers, movers and seconders of any motions, written in a narrative style.
vMinutes of Resolution – These are limited to the recording of the actual words of all resolutions that were passed. Movers and seconders are not recorded. Each resolution that is made commences RESOLVED THAT. This style of minutes is also considered a legal document.

Essentials Of Taking The Minutes:

¥Record simple short statements which capture decisions passed and actions agreed upon under each of the agenda headings
¥Keep it brief & to the point
¥Circulate within a week
¥Impersonal tone
¥Reported  speech

Instructions:

¥Typing meeting minutes on a laptop can make the process quicker and easier.
¥Make a note of who is present. If necessary, pass around a sign-in sheet.
¥Use the meeting agenda as an outline for the minutes.
¥Details do not belong in meeting minutes. Do write down any motions and decisions made and the key findings of any committee reports.
¥Use bullet points to make the minutes easier to read. Each bullet statement should represent a different finding, discussion, or decision.
¥Make a note of issues that were tabled until future meetings.
¥Transcribe or review minutes as soon as possible after the meeting, while your memory of what happened is still fresh.
¥Before you submit the meeting minutes, proofread for types.
How to Write Meeting Minutes
How to Write Meeting Minutes
General

Research Papers Format For Students

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A Research paper is,your own analysis of information discovered from peer reviewed resources. A chance to teach yourself something new. A chance to demonstrate to others what you have learned, organized in a professional, scholarly manner.Its a sample format for research papers for college,university students. Its very effective for all students.Its a free template for researchers.

Research Papers Format Example

 

A Research Paper is NOT

 

·         A rearrangement or summary of information from different sources
·         A report that could be included in a general encyclopedia
·         A matter of cutting and pasting together from different resources
·         A result of one quick Database or Google          Scholar search
 

Stages of research paper:

Title page

            It’s the title of your research project, with a bit info of you.

Acknowledgment

            In which, you thank your supports, partners, teachers and all other members which were directly or indirectly involved in helping you while making the project.

Abstract

            Brief summary about your topic, methodology which you applied. Hence, all about your project.

Table of contents

            Shows the whole contents, written in bullets.

Introduction

            Starting of your project, with all minor details leading toward major ones.

Literature review

            It’s the saying or any search by other person, which you use as a reference but in your own words.

Methodology

            Techniques and procedures which are used to complete the research.
 

Result

            What you got at the end, weather your result was positive or negative.

Discussion

            Broadly discussed matter, composed of concepts of people.

Conclusion & Recommendations

            After results, what are your recommendations and conclusions.

References

            Which things helped you while your report. References can be from books, websites etc.

Appendices

            Extra detail about your report, can include questionnaire etc.
 

CONCEPT OF LOGOS:

 

Logos—the soundness of your argument: the facts, statistics, examples, and authoritative statements you gather to support your viewpoint. This supporting evidence must be unified, specific, adequate, accurate, and representative.

 

CONCEPT OF PATHOS:

Pathos—the emotional power of language: appeals to readers’ needs, values, and attitudes, encouraging them to commit themselves to a viewpoint or course of action. Connotative language—words with strong emotional overtones—can move readers to accept a point of view and may even spur them to act.

 

CONCEPT OF ETHOS:

Ethos—the credibility and integrity of the argument: you cannot expect readers to accept or act on your viewpoint unless you convince them that you know what you’re talking about.Come across as knowledgeable and trustworthy by incorporating logos and taking the opposing views into account.

Research Papers Format For Students
Research Papers Format For Students

 

memo

Memo Business Format Sample

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Sample format of business memo. Its very important part of business correspondence. You can write on paper or sent memo through email. All type of internal or external issues or information for staff or management members Memos are used. Memos are written messages sent among people working in the same company. Memo can be helpful for all multinational companies, banks, schools offices.

 

Business Memorandum Sample Format

 

•Memorandum is the Latin word for “something to be 

remembered”

•Memos are brief in-house correspondence sent up and

 down the corporate ladder

•They can be on paper or sent through e-mail

 
Memos are written messages sent among people working in the same company.
    
 1. Memos can be written for a number of reasons Info staff about decisions/actions/events.


2. Request information / action /events.


3. Remind staff of action needed/procedures/changes
 in policy.


CONSTRUCTING MEMOS:

 
You must know the following things.
 
What is the Reason for Writing?

Who is your Audience?

Can be low-tech, high-tech or multiple

Better to provide a parenthetical definition with terms.

What response do you expect from your Audience?

MEMO FORMAT:

 

Some companies use a standard form while others have

their memo printed on their letterheads.

The memo may be on a half sheet or a full sheet.

Basically, the memo consists of two parts–The identifying information at the top–The message itself
FORMAT:


TO:    If your memo is going to more than one reader, make sure you list them in the order of their status in your company

FROM:  Write your name (and job title, if necessary for the reader.)  You may write your initials after your typed name to verify the memo comes from you

DATE:  Give the full calendar date

SUBJECT:This serves as the title line of your memo.  Summarize your message/purpose precisely

STRATEGIES FOR MEMO ORGANIZATION:

1.Introduction


_ why are you writing

–State briefly what are you writing about

–State briefly any background information needed
2.Discussion


–Explain what you want to say
.
–State what is important, who

will be affected, what caused it


–Indicate why changes are necessary

–Give precise dates, times, locations, and costs

3.Conclusion


–Summation statement (Complimentary / Directive)

–Request a reply by a specific date

–Provide a list of recommendations

–Inform reader what is next and when

–Ask readers to call if they have questions

 
 
General, interview

How to Have a Successful Interview for a Job

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A successful interview requires some tactics and a bit smartness. In spite of all these some people don’t get selected because they lack some ethics of giving an interview. Some tips are here, which can help you guys to leave your first impression everlasting. Everyone  can be used these successful interview tips for getting job.

How to Have a  A Successful Job Interview Tips

  • High light your qualifications using non-technical language – the HR professional is not necessarily an expert in your field.
  • Answer questions clearly  – personality is not as important at this stage of the process.
  • About salary expectations, use a range.
  • If conducted by phone, have your resume beside you to refer to for dates and names.
  • In telephonic interview keep a pen and paper handy to keep notes or write down any questions that come up.
  • Speak slowly, enunciate clearly, and vary your voice tone, tempo, and pitch to keep the interviewers attention.
  • Provide short answers that make interchange easier on the phone; do not interrupt the interviewer.
  • Restate the question if you have not fully heard or understood it.
  • Smile – even on the phone it will project a positive image.
  • Make eye contact.

Summary:

While going for interview, always do remember you need the job, employer doesn’t. Don’t be in attitude or rage. Be formal and impart a positive image. Give a warm introduction with a firm handshake. Prove yourself to be an impressive candidate because you are not only the one person for getting the job!
Be active, don’t show yourself as lazy or like you aren’t paying attention, as you don’t wanna get the job. Be humble and kind. Answer effectively. Go in a proper dress up.The important thing is besides of all these things don’t lose your confidence, as you also do have own dignity and self respect, but ethics for others should be your preference.

How to Have a Successful Interview for a Job
How to Have a Successful Interview for a Job

 

What you should do, while you go for an interview:

wGet to the interview a little early. Never be late
wKnow the interviewer’s full name. Introduce yourself and give a firm handshake.
wAsk questions, This shows the employer that you are
interested
wMake sure you have good eye contact, posture, alertness, and
body positioning.
wA positive attitude is essential. Try to be friendly.
wListen and be ready to answer the questions.
wIf an employer asks about shortcoming, state how you can
turn them around.
wLearn how to relax during the interview.

What you should not do, while you go for an interview:

 

wAvoid simple yes or no answers. Make you answers meaningful.

 

wDon’t lie. Be honest when you answer your questions.

 

wDon’t keep stressing you need for a job.
wDon’t discuss past experiences that have no application to the job.
wDon’t display overconfidence.
wDon’t ask questions early in the interview about hours or pay.
wDon’t be a know-it-all or a person that can’t take instructions.
wDon’t be untidy in appearance.

 

 

 
 
Letter

How to Write a Business Letter Format

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Its a sample format or sample template for business letter. We can use the word Official letters.These letters are very important, some can be Personal business letters or some used for Formal business letter. Business Letters are very Formal kind of letters. They are of two types:

How to write a Business Letter Format Sample

Personal Business Letters:

These kind of letters are Formal, but less. They are from Person to Person within the same organization.

Formal Business Letters:

These are much formal, are mostly sent  to people in other Organisations, or from Organisation to Other.

Formats:

There are four kinds of Formats used for Business letters.

1. UNBLOCKED FORMAT:

Address and date on right side of the page. Receiver’s address on left, then subject and salutation. Subject should be written in Sentence Order. And before you start, must give one word space, and make three paragraphs. At the end complimentary close, signature, keyed name and Typist initial, on right side.

2. BLOCKED FORMAT:

Address and Date, Receiver’s address on left, then subject and salutation. Subject should be written in Sentence Order. And before you start, must give left margin space, and make three paragraphs. Before starting a new paragraph, must leave one line space. At the end complimentary close, signature, keyed name and Typist initial, on left side.

3. SEMI BLOCKED FORMAT:

Address and Date on right. Receiver’s address on left, then subject and salutation. Subject should be written in Sentence Order. And before you start, must give left margin space, and make three paragraphs. Before starting a new paragraph, must leave one line space. At the end complimentary close, signature, keyed name on right side and Typist initial, just below it by one word difference.

4. AMS FORMAT:

Address and Date, Receiver’s address on left, then subject. Subject should be written in ORDER CAPITAL R. And before you start, must give left margin space, and make three paragraphs. Before starting a new paragraph, must leave one line space. At the end complimentary close, signature, keyed name and Typist initial, on left side. There is no salutation in this style.

Cover Letters

Writing Cover Letter For Resume Sample

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A CV is incomplete without a cover letter. How to write a cover letter. Some conman writing tips are very helpful to make cover letter. It is that much important as your own resume is. There must be a cover letter before a C.V, as it tells following things.These are important writing tips for cover letter Format. It can be used in every type of  official cover letter or Resume cover letter.

Writing Cover Letter for Resume

  • From which source you come to know about the Job Vacancy.
  • For which Post you have applied.
  • Is there really any vacancy for the applied post or not.
  • What type of C.V is it, Chronological or Functional.
  • It shows your ethics.
The cover letter reflects your communication skills and to some

 extent your personality.
 
Name and address – Left side top
Date and Place  – Right side top
Head the Letter   – Subject and Reference
The middle paragraph – Brief description of your education
& experiences.

Closing – Don’t end with hit at the mark, in a polite and ethical way.


Cover letter, can be of two types i.e for Advertised post and from any source you have come to know about the post. You just change the first paragraph accordingly. For the cover letter of any post which is advertised use one heading named as ‘Reference’ that from where you got the information. In other case, if you come to know through any reliable source you don’t need to mention the reference.
To show an ethical presence you must have a cover letter with your C.V as it shows your manners as well as leaves a great impression.

Writing Tips Of Cover Letter For Resume Sample
Writing Tips Of Cover Letter For Resume Sample
General

Tips For Writing Good Resume

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Writing a  good Resume is easy but a logical task. Your resume is the complete reflection of you in front of others. A good and optimal C.V should have following characteristics.Everyone can used in CV such type of format.

Writing Tips for  Good Resume

 

  • Simple Language.
  • Personal pronouns, I, Me, My should be avoided.
  • In Career Objectives, start should be taken by the word TO, and is just of 2-3 sentences.
  • Can be specific or general.
  • Qualification should be written in reverse order.
  • In the Interest Section, you can mention anything in which you have participated but haven’t won.
  • Personal Information at the end.
You must have to follow the pattern. You can’t change the overall preview of your resume like showing personal info. before qualification or experience before qualification. You have to walk through a proper channel. It shows that you are aware of the rules. Write your C.V accordingly, don’t mention such things which are irrelevant as it imparts a negative impression. Also, don’t mention fake studies. Write what you are, and be what you are.

Do not use a colored background, fancy fonts or images on your resume. Sure, you might think that the little flowers will cheer up the document, but other people might just throw it away at the sight. Your resume must have a clear focus. If would cause a negative impression if you mentioned that one year you were studying drama, and the next you were working as an accountant. Make sure that all the information you will include will work towards a unified image.
Employers like decided people. It is a good idea to update your resume on a regular basis. Add all the new information that you think is relevant, as well as courses, training programs and other academic qualifications that you might receive along the way. This is the best way to keep track of everything and to make sure that you will not end up sending an obsolete document to the employer. 
The ideal length for a resume is a polemic subject. Most employers and recruiting specialists, however, say that it should contain one or two pages at maximum. 
Just keep in mind that, provided all the necessary information is there, the shorter your resume, the better. Seems like a no brainier, but you would be amused to discover the amount of people that lie in their resumes. Even small lies should be avoided. Apart from being wrong, most HR departments do background checks these days, and if you are buster it might ruin your credibility for good. Irrelevant information such as political affiliation, religion and sexual preference will not help you.

In fact it might even hurt your chances of landing an interview. Just skip it. Merely stating that you can do something will not catch the attention of the employer. If you manage to explain how it will benefit his company, and to connect it to tangible results, then you will greatly improve your chances.

Write effectively and clear wording should be clear. Use a cover letter with your C.V. Make you C.V according to the job requirements. Don’t show irrelevant  fields, though, it’s your talent but used it where it is required or where it is taken in account, otherwise not.

What A Good CV Have

Curriculum Vitae, a formal document for your interview. Document that has  all the information regarding you A CV is the most flexible and convenient way to make applications. It conveys your personal details in the way that presents you in the best possible light. A CV is a marketing document in which you are marketing something: yourself! You need to “sell” your skills, abilities, qualifications and experience to employers. It can be used to make multiple applications to employers in a specific career area. For this reason, many large graduate recruiters will not accept CV and instead use their own application form. It should have following things in it.

1.Name:

Should be written at the top of your resume.

2.Contact number:

It is considered as an information of you, must be mentioned.

3. Email:

If available, definitely you must provide. These details impart a good impression.

4.Career Objectives:

These must be stated with the word ‘TO’. Personal pronouns should be avoided. And you can also use Ger-rand (any verb with ING, e.g: Willing,Getting).They should not be of much detail and consisting of 2-3 sentences.

5.Qualification:

You must mention your qualification in reverse order. Starting from the present degree to the last one. If possible do mention the year, institution, and the grade as well.

6.Experience:

Mention where you have any job, before. But avoid to mention short time spans, as it leaves a bad impression. You can also mention any internship also.

7.Professional and Academic Skills:

What skills do you have, any diploma, professional qualification as well. Includes computer skills, languages you know, typing speed etc.

8.Achievements:

Do mention if any, rather any position, merit certificates etc.

9.Seminars and workshops:

Which you have attended. Related to your field. If not, just skip it.

10.Interest and hobbies:

Express your liking and your interests but be careful about what you are writing, it shouldn’t mention or point out your negative aspect.

11.Personal Information:

At the end do mention about your personal data, CNIC Number, nationality, marital status etc.

12.References:

Mention if any, but mostly write ‘Will be furnished on demand’

One survey of employers  found that the following aspects were most looked for:
45% Previous related work experience

35% Qualifications & skills
25% Easy to read
16% Accomplishments
14% Spelling & grammar
9% Education (these were not just graduate recruiters for whom this score would be much higher!)
9% Intangibles: individuality/desire to succeed
3% Clear objective
2% Keywords added
1% Contact information
1% Personal experiences
1% Computer skills

There is no single “correct” way to write and present a CV but the following general rules apply:

  • It is targeted on the specific job or career area for which you are applying and brings out the relevant skills you have to offer
  • It is carefully and clearly laid out: logically ordered, easy to read and not cramped
  • It is informative but concise
  • It is accurate in content, spelling and grammar. If you mention attention to detail as a skill, make sure your spelling and grammar is perfect!
General

Element of Feature Article

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An article if written, it means you have completely mentioned its aspects. You have go through it and it is ready for public use. These important points can help for good article writing . Following are the elements required to make an article complete.

Element of Article Usage Writing

 

  • Abstract (Summary)Keywords
  • Introduction
  • Methods (Experimental Details)
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements

Firstly, you should have the whole summary of what you’ve written, it short the abstract. You can use the keywords which you’re using majorly in your article. It will assist the reader. An effective introduction, which gains the attention of the reader and keep him with the context till the end. Discussion at a wide end should be done, it should keep pace with both type of thinkers negative and positive. Effective discussion should be done but at the end it should have some conclusion or points which are really expressive as well as impressive.

Brings together the two key scientific elements of THEORY and EXPERIMENT.
Shows how a variety of disparate data/results/observations can be understood through a single, elegant, hypothesis

Optimal Capital Structure Article

 

A good and well defined article must have the following features in it.

  •  Writing skills of writer.
  • Experience and knowledge of writer.
  • Good enough grammar.
  • Correct Spellings.
  • Hijack the topic by complete research.
  • Content should be well defined.
  • It should grab reader’s attention.

conclusion is very important part of article so, it should be necessary to ending words of article make proper sense of whole story.

Element of Feature Article
Element of Feature Article
General

Informative Writing Lesson Plans

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While writing, you are delivering your thoughts, ideas on paper. Your own point of view, and the most important thing is it’s your impression what others are getting through you. Given are the steps you can follow, these are very effective for writing lesson plan.You can use these steps for every type of writing.Its a sample format of writing.

Informative Writing Lesson Plans


nFree-write a rough draft


   Just write, don’t proofread, edit, revise, correct, look back at all. 

nRevise

 Organize, check for introduction and conclusion for all sections, build in transitions, get rid of 

excess verbiage, spell-check and grammar-check.

nRead it out loud

 This can help you detect awkward phrases, missing commas, etc.
 
Your writing must be Reader Centered. You must be well
aware that whoever is reading your writing,can have different
mentality, different I.Q level, not familiar thoughts. Hence
overall psychology of the person can be different as compare
to you. Everybody have different ideas and ways of thinking.
By writing you are sharing your own. writing should be
positive, either it is mentioning the negative aspects of
anything but at the end it should give a positive sense of
change, regardless of the topic. 
Whether, people agree with you or not but if 50% is with
you, you’ve written a good theory. But if majority is rejecting
you, definitely there is some fault.
Informative Writing Lesson Plans
Informative Writing Lesson Plans