Category Archives: General

General, planning

What are the Seven Steps in the Decision Making Process

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Decision making is choosing among two alternatives. It’s the heart of all the management. Decision making is very important phenomenon and one have to be very much conscious as well as some tricky steps must be taken. One decision have the capability to make or break anything. Making any decision is the most sensitive issue, and the whole responsibility lies upon the person. One have to be very much careful and while taking any decision, specially related to business or marketing you have to keep your eyes open. In orientation stage people or member meet for the first time and start to get to know each other and after some time their thinking has changed totally, some are think positive and some are think negative so, be careful in decision making.

What are the Seven Steps in the Decision Making

Following Seven Steps in the Decision Making must be used.

1. Define the situation:

The whole circumstances are in front of you and what you need is to revive it and go through the requirements of the scene. Understand what is the need of situation. A parameter of completeness and awareness should be there.

2. Describe and collect information:

Whatever data is required you have to compile that at one place. Information via research is collected and make possibility for making a decision.

3. Develop alternatives:

You must have all possible references, and the structure in your mind and accordingly develop alternatives. What are the outcomes and what are the possible methods to resolve it. What you can do along with your sub-ordinates.

4. Define an agreement among people who are involved:

You can’t have the decision at higher level verbally. Requirements are to properly write them along with the opinions of other people which are related. In black and white, agreement mentioning all terms and conditions should be written.

5. Deciding best alternative:

After having all possibilities now you have to decide for which alternative you should go. Taking all others with you as well. Comparing all merits and demerits of a decision.

6. Do what is indicated:

After selecting seek for a good output, go for a decision which is best and radical in your point of view. You don’t need to get panic. Focus on alternative by staying calm.

7. Determine weather you decision is right or not:

After you have made a decision, now nothing can be altered. You just have to keep pace and according to your thoughts just have to conclude results.

Sometimes decisions have to be made on the spot, with little information and managers with good skills take effective decisions.

Management:

the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources.
 

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Planning:

Amanagement function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
 

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Organizing:

A management function that includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything works together to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
 

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Leading:

Creating a vision for the organization and guiding, training, coaching, and motivating others to work effectively to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
 

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Directing

Telling employees exactly what to do, once referred to as ‘leading’.

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Controlling:

A management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective.
 

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Vision:

An encompassing explanation of why the organization exists and where it’s trying to head.
 

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Mission Statement:

An outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization. addresses the organization’s self-concept, philosophy, long-term survival needs, customer needs, social responsibility, and nature of product/service.

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Goals:

The broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain.
 

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Objectives:

Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organization’s goals.
 

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SWOT Analysis:

A planning tool used to analyze an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

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Strategic Planning:

The process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals
 

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Tactical planning:

The process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to do be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done.
 

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Operational Planning:

The process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company’s tactical objectives

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Contingency Planning:

The process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don’t achieve the organization’s objectives
 

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Decision Making:

Choosing among two or more alternatives (heart of all management functions)
 

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Problem solving:

The process of solving the everyday problems that occur. less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action.
 

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Brainstorming:

Coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas.
 

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PMI:

Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third.
 

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Organization Chart:

A visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization’s work; it shows who reports to whom.
 

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Top Management:

Highest level of management, consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans.
 

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Middle Management:

Level of management that includes general, division, branch, and plant managers who are responsible for tactical planning and controlling.
 

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Supervisory Management:

Managers who are directly responsible for supervising workers and evaluating their daily performance.
 

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Technical Skills:

Skills that involve the ability to perform tasks in a specific discipline or department.
 

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Human Relations Skills:

Skills that involve communication and motivation; they enable managers to work through and with people.


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skills that involve the ability to picture the organization as a whole and its relationship among its various parts.

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Staffing:

A management function that includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company’s objectives
 

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Transparency:

The presentation of a company’s facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders
 

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Autocratic Leadership:

Leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others.
 

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Participate (democratic) Leadership:

Leadership style that consists of managers and employes working together to make decisions.
 

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Free-rein leadership:

Leadership style that involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives.
 

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Enabling:

Giving workers the education and tools they need to make decisions.
 

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Knowledge Management:

Finding the right information, keeping the information in a readily accessible place, and making the information known to everyone in the firm.
 

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Five steps of controlling

1. Establish clear standards
2. Monitor and record performance
3. Compare results against standards
4. Communicate results
5. If needed, take corrective action
 

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External Customers:

Dealers, who buy products to sell to others, and ultimate customers (aka end users), who buy products for their own personal use.
 

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Internal Customers:

 
Individuals and units within the firm that receive services.
What are the Seven Steps in the Decision Making Process
What are the Seven Steps in the Decision Making Process
 

 

General, internship

Importance of Internship for College Students

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Internships are very essential and authentic source by which students can be made more well aware of their practical life, they are indulged in professionalism.Basically its a social human responsibility to spend some time for social cause, students can learn allot of new things to this process. Hey come to know about their field work while remaining in contents of study. During the school year students may feel overwhelmed with coursework, sports, or co-curricular activities that may keep them extremely busy while leaving no time to think of doing an internship or a job. Many students may also feel that they are caught in a bind since they need to make money to pay for their expenses but they can only find unpaid internships in their field. 

Importance of Internship for Students

 

Internship basically making a sense for the student that how they will work for any job. Internship gave the idea to students for their upcoming job. It give experience to the students before the job. An internee work more effectively then a new student without any internship.Following are the benefits

  • One gets maximum experience.
  • Aware of ambiance and nature of work.
  • An addition in your Curriculum vitae, which imparts positive impression.
  • Professional links among people are formed.
  • One can make market contacts.
  • You can apply your knowledge into practical ones.
  • Explore all possibilities and ways of your field.
  • You may opt to look beyond your frame of mind.
Having an experience, makes their work more effective which is a source of their reliable work. Internship can be paid or unpaid, and are in various fields, arts, science, culinary, law, business, engineering etc. If you are being offered by a paid internship it’s of double benefit. It might meet your expenses as well as you are gaining experience. Like in Hospitality industry, internship is made a part of whole degree. They make their students excel in practical world.

Types:

Paid internship:

It is for your own benefit and use, u’ll get to know about work and it enhances your experience. It’s a great requirement in Global Village, and student can earn money for this source and after getting experience companies,banks offer the jobs.
 

Unpaid internship:

It’s a type in which you aren’t paid, infect you work for a special cause. It worth’s even more. At international level you are considered more, if you have worked for any cause as a social responsibility, you worth more. Like in NGOs for Special children, Orphan child’s etc. Even after A-Level you have to do internship for completing your credit hours, and you get marks for that. Their main purpose is to make students aware of conditions of others. To en light a sense of social humanity based relationship.
 
Sometimes, depending upon your good luck, you can get a good job, from the reference while staying there, or sometimes by admitting and admiring your working skills, the same organization offers you job having an effective package. All you need what is showing your dedications towards your work. Now-a-days, people having and internship experience are preferred more as compare to the freshers. It is observed world widely that good organizations are promoting internships, and it has remarkably effected the work output. One must attend an internship session, and go thought it because in the modern era, its becoming a need. 
Importance of Internship for College Students
Importance of Internship for College Students
General

Research Tools Of Data Collection

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 Qualitative data collection, or field work, involves spending considerable time in the setting under study immersing oneself in this setting and collecting relevant information in obtrusively. Descriptive narrative and visual data are collected d to gain insights into the phenomena of interest.  The type of data collected is largely determined by the nature of the problem. Its a Sample Research Tools of  methodology Data collection.

Research Tools of Qualitative Data Collection

   Collection   sources  and  techniques.

      A.  Qualitative research includes data collected through observations interviews , questionnaires , phone calls, personal and official documents, photographs, recordings, drawings, journals, e-mail messages and responses, and informal conversations.
      B.   In qualitative research the researcher is the primary data collection instrument.

Observing:

When qualitative researchers obtain data by watching the participants, they are observing.
A researcher who becomes a part of and a participant in the situation under observation is called a participant observer.
A researcher can be an active participant observer a privileged, active observer or a passive observer.
A nonparticipant observer observes the situation but does not participate in the situation while observing it.
Field notes are the records of what the observer has seen or heard . Field notes contain literal descriptions as well as personal reactions and comments on what the observer has experienced and thought about during an observation session. Field notes may be guided by a protocol developed prior to the observation session.

Interviewing:

An interview is a purposeful interaction in which one person obtains information from another.
The unstructured interview is like casual conversation and allows the qualitative researcher to inquire into something that has presented itself as an opportunity to learn about what is going on at the research setting.
In a structured interview, the researcher has a specified set of questions that elicits the same information from all respondents.
For interviews, researcher should include convergent and divergent questions and pilot-test them with a group of respondents similar to the target sample.
Following basic guidelines for interviewing can help improve communication and can facilitate data collection
A focus group is a group interview. Researchers conducting focus groups should ensure that all participants have a chance to state their points of view.
An e-mail interview can be used to elicit responses from busy professionals who can respond to an e-mail either synchronously or asynchronously.

Questionnaires:

A questionnaire is a written collection of self report questions to be answered by selected group of research participants.
 Developing and presenting questionnaires takes presentation should be attractive.
 Be sure to protect participants, confidential information.

Examining records:

Useful educational records include archival documents, journals, maps, videotapes, audiotapes, and artifacts.
Research Tools Of Data Collection
Research Tools Of Data Collection

 

General

The Five P’s Marketing

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Marketing is not that much easy as it seems. You have to sale your product and for this your communication skills matter, but before this some things are necessary which are known as 5 P’s of marketing .You have to make costumer comfortable and satisfied by your product. Because there are other products to, and you have to prove your product, organization.The 5 P’s are a set of recognized marketing tactics, which you can use in any combination to satisfy customers in your target market. The 5 P’s of marketing are controllable, but subject to your internal and external marketing environments. Combining these different marketing tactics to meet your customers’ needs and wants is known as using a ‘tactical marketing mix’.

Five P’s Marketing Examples

The 5 P’s of Marketing  covers:

Place,Product, Price,Promotion,People. Each topic explains in detail each segment that enable you to understand and implement into your business.These are the following tips, which are essential and in consequence you’ll get a remarkable plan for marketing.

1. Place:

First thing that matters is place, the area which is the hot spot for your product. As the places will be more common there will be more awareness of your product. People will commonly know about your product. Demographics and geographic of an area matters allot. You should be very selective about your place, which you are choosing for publicity or marketing.

2. Product:

Your asset infect. Product matters allot, your logo on product, availability, handling and durability. After sale service, guarantee, warranty all are important factors, which effect your sale and build confidence of customer.

3. Price:

Price is directly linked with the quality. Price matters but not every time. People prefer economical things which lie in their budget but in modern era, people are aware of using qualitative things as people are getting more health conscious. Price should not involve your profit at peak, customer satisfaction should be your priority.

4. Publicity or Promotion

Which advertisement and publicity of your product, your convincing style about is also essential. The techniques used for publicity of products, different schemes you can use. Usually it isn’t paid, and at govt. level, and mostly supported in international agencies.

5. Placement or People:

Placement is in short, your mindset. Frame what you set in customer’s mind about your organization. It’s your duty to leave a good and satisfied impression. Placing the quality and benefit in his mind.

When you provide excellent customer service, you create a positive experience for your customers, and in doing so market your brand to them. In turn, existing customers may spread the word about your excellent service and you can win referrals.

Give your business a competitive advantage by recruiting the right people, training of your staff members to develop their skills, and retaining good staff.

The Five P's Marketing
The Five P’s Marketing
General

Job and Study Opportunities

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We all know that we are living in a world of problems and anxiety. Each and every person has countless problems in his life and everyone wants to overcome these problems to enjoy a comfortable life and a life of ease & happiness. Many countries provides Job and study opportunities for students to their development and make them independent, where students got education in morning timing and do work at evening .

Can Study And Job Go Parallel

Some people do that by establishing their business because they have special sport of some people but the people who have no background or support so there is a need to study enough so that make their career and there is also need of doing job for specially these people because there is no option for these people except doing a suitable job with which they can adjust with their studies.
Mostly the students which belong to middle class family do job with their studies and they know that how to make balance with both studies and job. They make plans with which they can concentrate on studies and also fulfill their responsibilities related to job so if we see these things, we can say that study and job can go parallel. For example most students choose teaching as a profession when they are in student life .
They choose teaching because it is helpful for them and it will be easy for them to continue their studies and their mind will not be distracted but they have a special benefit of it because by doing this they can refresh their knowledge and can spread their own knowledge to others and they come to know that how to teach effectively because they themselves as a student face the same problems as faced by their students and how to solve their problems.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that study and job can go parallel but in this situation we have to set our routine according to which we can manage with both study and job.
Job and Study Opportunities
Job and Study Opportunities
General

Basic Strategies For Effective Team Building

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Team management and group working is very essential part of official work. You should have to learn that how to collaborate with other partners, by keeping your personal issues, aside. For the benefit of your organization, you have to be professional. Working in team form is tricky, and you have to show your activeness and participation.These are the  basic Strategies for Effective Team teaching.

 Strategies For Effective Team Decision Making

When it comes about forming a team, it is of different types depending upon the quality and well as requirements of the work. Following types of teams can be formed.
 

Task force — Achieve a single goal in limited time


Quality assurance team — Focus on product or service quality


Cross-functional team — Join employees from various departments to                                                solve problems

 

Product development — Focus on the development cycle of new                                                         products

Virtual team — A team with members in more than one location

 

Team Behaviors:


Following behaviors must be adopted and these are the must requirements for being a part of a team.
 

Commitment — focused on mission, values, goals, and expectations


Cooperation— share a sense of purpose


Communication— know that information must flow smoothly


Contribution — expect all members to share abilities and skills with team

Group Decision Making Stages:

 

When you’re in a group, do remember you are not alone, you have to
take all other members with you, even if you are a leader. With out all members your group is incomplete.
 

Orientation: group identifies the problem and plans for reaching decision.

 

Discussion: researches, identifies & weighs options, tests assumptions.

 

Decision: group combines individual preferences into a collective decision.

 

Implementation: Group carries out decision and assesses its impact.

 
 

Types of Group Conflict:

 

Working in a team form, can also create many conflicts, as different people of different personalities do occur. Everyone has it’s own ideas, own

thoughts, and own ways of thinking. Depending upon the cause, 

following types of conflicts do exist.

 

Substantive Conflict:

 
        It deals with the type of conflict that occurs among group member
        within a same group.


Personal Conflict:

 
        It can occur among two persons, of a same group. Due to any bias or 
        personal problems.
 

Social Dilemmas:

 
        Conflict arise when motive of group overcomes by individual motive.
 

Procedural Conflict:

 
         In this type of conflict, persons have their own methodology and own 
         techniques.
 

Competition:

 
        Competition among two, the greatest cause of conflict. This must be 
        avoided because it causes severe effects.

Styles of Conflict Resolution:

 
As there’re different conflicts that arise, similarly different resolution do 
occur. One can handle a conflict sensibly by using the resolutions 
available for it. Following are given,
 

Competition:

 
       By competing is one of the way to resolve a issue. You should 
       compete if you are right.
 

Accommodation:

 
        Sometimes you need to accommodate and respect the opinion of 
        other person too. Take his decision with you as well.
 

Avoidance:

 
         It’s the best option! What you should do, avoidance, it will not create any mess.
 


Compromise:

 
         You can do compromise, with the situation. It gives you a better 
         chance to resolve anything.
 


Collaboration:

 
         Collaborating with others is also an important technique.
General

How to Write Meeting Minutes

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Minutes of Meeting describe specify what was   discussed and decided in a meeting, permanent record of the meeting for future reference. Include an overview of the structure of the meeting. Minutes are very important because its the conclusion of whole meeting.

How to Write Meeting Minutes Sample Format

ØGenerally, minutes begin with the organization name, place, date, list of people present, absent and the time.

ØAll the agenda for the said meeting.
ØAll official decisions must be included.
ØThe reports given and the person involve
ØThe vote tally may also be included
 
Ø  The date, time and place of the next meeting.
 
Ø  Assignments and the person responsible.
 
Ø The minutes may end with a note of the time that the meeting was adjourned.

 Importance Of Meeting Minutes?

ØConfirm any decisions made
ØRecord of any agreed actions to be taken
ØRecord of who has been allocated any tasks or responsibilities
ØProvide details of the meeting to anyone unable to attend
ØServe as a record of the meeting’s procedure and outcome



What Tasks Are Involved In Taking Minutes

¥Make A Short Summary About The Meetings Agenda
¥Make A List Of All The  Details Beforehand
¥Recording The Body Of The Minutes
¥Concluding The Minutes
¥Distributing The Minutes Among The Attendees
 
 

Forms Of Recording Minutes:

¥Video Recording ¥Audio Recording ¥Hand Recording 
 

The Body Of The Minutes:

¥Name of the organization
¥Date and time the meeting
¥Those present and those who could not attend
¥A list of the agenda items/topics
¥Summary of discussion for each agenda item
¥The actions people committed to
¥Summary of any decisions made
  
Styles Of Minutes:
vMinutes of Narration – These include some of the discussions and important details. This style of minutes is considered a legal document.
vReport – This is a full record of all discussions that includes the names of all speakers, movers and seconders of any motions, written in a narrative style.
vMinutes of Resolution – These are limited to the recording of the actual words of all resolutions that were passed. Movers and seconders are not recorded. Each resolution that is made commences RESOLVED THAT. This style of minutes is also considered a legal document.

Essentials Of Taking The Minutes:

¥Record simple short statements which capture decisions passed and actions agreed upon under each of the agenda headings
¥Keep it brief & to the point
¥Circulate within a week
¥Impersonal tone
¥Reported  speech

Instructions:

¥Typing meeting minutes on a laptop can make the process quicker and easier.
¥Make a note of who is present. If necessary, pass around a sign-in sheet.
¥Use the meeting agenda as an outline for the minutes.
¥Details do not belong in meeting minutes. Do write down any motions and decisions made and the key findings of any committee reports.
¥Use bullet points to make the minutes easier to read. Each bullet statement should represent a different finding, discussion, or decision.
¥Make a note of issues that were tabled until future meetings.
¥Transcribe or review minutes as soon as possible after the meeting, while your memory of what happened is still fresh.
¥Before you submit the meeting minutes, proofread for types.
How to Write Meeting Minutes
How to Write Meeting Minutes
General

Research Papers Format For Students

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A Research paper is,your own analysis of information discovered from peer reviewed resources. A chance to teach yourself something new. A chance to demonstrate to others what you have learned, organized in a professional, scholarly manner.Its a sample format for research papers for college,university students. Its very effective for all students.Its a free template for researchers.

Research Papers Format Example

 

A Research Paper is NOT

 

·         A rearrangement or summary of information from different sources
·         A report that could be included in a general encyclopedia
·         A matter of cutting and pasting together from different resources
·         A result of one quick Database or Google          Scholar search
 

Stages of research paper:

Title page

            It’s the title of your research project, with a bit info of you.

Acknowledgment

            In which, you thank your supports, partners, teachers and all other members which were directly or indirectly involved in helping you while making the project.

Abstract

            Brief summary about your topic, methodology which you applied. Hence, all about your project.

Table of contents

            Shows the whole contents, written in bullets.

Introduction

            Starting of your project, with all minor details leading toward major ones.

Literature review

            It’s the saying or any search by other person, which you use as a reference but in your own words.

Methodology

            Techniques and procedures which are used to complete the research.
 

Result

            What you got at the end, weather your result was positive or negative.

Discussion

            Broadly discussed matter, composed of concepts of people.

Conclusion & Recommendations

            After results, what are your recommendations and conclusions.

References

            Which things helped you while your report. References can be from books, websites etc.

Appendices

            Extra detail about your report, can include questionnaire etc.
 

CONCEPT OF LOGOS:

 

Logos—the soundness of your argument: the facts, statistics, examples, and authoritative statements you gather to support your viewpoint. This supporting evidence must be unified, specific, adequate, accurate, and representative.

 

CONCEPT OF PATHOS:

Pathos—the emotional power of language: appeals to readers’ needs, values, and attitudes, encouraging them to commit themselves to a viewpoint or course of action. Connotative language—words with strong emotional overtones—can move readers to accept a point of view and may even spur them to act.

 

CONCEPT OF ETHOS:

Ethos—the credibility and integrity of the argument: you cannot expect readers to accept or act on your viewpoint unless you convince them that you know what you’re talking about.Come across as knowledgeable and trustworthy by incorporating logos and taking the opposing views into account.

Research Papers Format For Students
Research Papers Format For Students

 

General, interview

How to Have a Successful Interview for a Job

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A successful interview requires some tactics and a bit smartness. In spite of all these some people don’t get selected because they lack some ethics of giving an interview. Some tips are here, which can help you guys to leave your first impression everlasting. Everyone  can be used these successful interview tips for getting job.

How to Have a  A Successful Job Interview Tips

  • High light your qualifications using non-technical language – the HR professional is not necessarily an expert in your field.
  • Answer questions clearly  – personality is not as important at this stage of the process.
  • About salary expectations, use a range.
  • If conducted by phone, have your resume beside you to refer to for dates and names.
  • In telephonic interview keep a pen and paper handy to keep notes or write down any questions that come up.
  • Speak slowly, enunciate clearly, and vary your voice tone, tempo, and pitch to keep the interviewers attention.
  • Provide short answers that make interchange easier on the phone; do not interrupt the interviewer.
  • Restate the question if you have not fully heard or understood it.
  • Smile – even on the phone it will project a positive image.
  • Make eye contact.

Summary:

While going for interview, always do remember you need the job, employer doesn’t. Don’t be in attitude or rage. Be formal and impart a positive image. Give a warm introduction with a firm handshake. Prove yourself to be an impressive candidate because you are not only the one person for getting the job!
Be active, don’t show yourself as lazy or like you aren’t paying attention, as you don’t wanna get the job. Be humble and kind. Answer effectively. Go in a proper dress up.The important thing is besides of all these things don’t lose your confidence, as you also do have own dignity and self respect, but ethics for others should be your preference.

How to Have a Successful Interview for a Job
How to Have a Successful Interview for a Job

 

What you should do, while you go for an interview:

wGet to the interview a little early. Never be late
wKnow the interviewer’s full name. Introduce yourself and give a firm handshake.
wAsk questions, This shows the employer that you are
interested
wMake sure you have good eye contact, posture, alertness, and
body positioning.
wA positive attitude is essential. Try to be friendly.
wListen and be ready to answer the questions.
wIf an employer asks about shortcoming, state how you can
turn them around.
wLearn how to relax during the interview.

What you should not do, while you go for an interview:

 

wAvoid simple yes or no answers. Make you answers meaningful.

 

wDon’t lie. Be honest when you answer your questions.

 

wDon’t keep stressing you need for a job.
wDon’t discuss past experiences that have no application to the job.
wDon’t display overconfidence.
wDon’t ask questions early in the interview about hours or pay.
wDon’t be a know-it-all or a person that can’t take instructions.
wDon’t be untidy in appearance.

 

 

 
 
General

Tips For Writing Good Resume

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Writing a  good Resume is easy but a logical task. Your resume is the complete reflection of you in front of others. A good and optimal C.V should have following characteristics.Everyone can used in CV such type of format.

Writing Tips for  Good Resume

 

  • Simple Language.
  • Personal pronouns, I, Me, My should be avoided.
  • In Career Objectives, start should be taken by the word TO, and is just of 2-3 sentences.
  • Can be specific or general.
  • Qualification should be written in reverse order.
  • In the Interest Section, you can mention anything in which you have participated but haven’t won.
  • Personal Information at the end.
You must have to follow the pattern. You can’t change the overall preview of your resume like showing personal info. before qualification or experience before qualification. You have to walk through a proper channel. It shows that you are aware of the rules. Write your C.V accordingly, don’t mention such things which are irrelevant as it imparts a negative impression. Also, don’t mention fake studies. Write what you are, and be what you are.

Do not use a colored background, fancy fonts or images on your resume. Sure, you might think that the little flowers will cheer up the document, but other people might just throw it away at the sight. Your resume must have a clear focus. If would cause a negative impression if you mentioned that one year you were studying drama, and the next you were working as an accountant. Make sure that all the information you will include will work towards a unified image.
Employers like decided people. It is a good idea to update your resume on a regular basis. Add all the new information that you think is relevant, as well as courses, training programs and other academic qualifications that you might receive along the way. This is the best way to keep track of everything and to make sure that you will not end up sending an obsolete document to the employer. 
The ideal length for a resume is a polemic subject. Most employers and recruiting specialists, however, say that it should contain one or two pages at maximum. 
Just keep in mind that, provided all the necessary information is there, the shorter your resume, the better. Seems like a no brainier, but you would be amused to discover the amount of people that lie in their resumes. Even small lies should be avoided. Apart from being wrong, most HR departments do background checks these days, and if you are buster it might ruin your credibility for good. Irrelevant information such as political affiliation, religion and sexual preference will not help you.

In fact it might even hurt your chances of landing an interview. Just skip it. Merely stating that you can do something will not catch the attention of the employer. If you manage to explain how it will benefit his company, and to connect it to tangible results, then you will greatly improve your chances.

Write effectively and clear wording should be clear. Use a cover letter with your C.V. Make you C.V according to the job requirements. Don’t show irrelevant  fields, though, it’s your talent but used it where it is required or where it is taken in account, otherwise not.

What A Good CV Have

Curriculum Vitae, a formal document for your interview. Document that has  all the information regarding you A CV is the most flexible and convenient way to make applications. It conveys your personal details in the way that presents you in the best possible light. A CV is a marketing document in which you are marketing something: yourself! You need to “sell” your skills, abilities, qualifications and experience to employers. It can be used to make multiple applications to employers in a specific career area. For this reason, many large graduate recruiters will not accept CV and instead use their own application form. It should have following things in it.

1.Name:

Should be written at the top of your resume.

2.Contact number:

It is considered as an information of you, must be mentioned.

3. Email:

If available, definitely you must provide. These details impart a good impression.

4.Career Objectives:

These must be stated with the word ‘TO’. Personal pronouns should be avoided. And you can also use Ger-rand (any verb with ING, e.g: Willing,Getting).They should not be of much detail and consisting of 2-3 sentences.

5.Qualification:

You must mention your qualification in reverse order. Starting from the present degree to the last one. If possible do mention the year, institution, and the grade as well.

6.Experience:

Mention where you have any job, before. But avoid to mention short time spans, as it leaves a bad impression. You can also mention any internship also.

7.Professional and Academic Skills:

What skills do you have, any diploma, professional qualification as well. Includes computer skills, languages you know, typing speed etc.

8.Achievements:

Do mention if any, rather any position, merit certificates etc.

9.Seminars and workshops:

Which you have attended. Related to your field. If not, just skip it.

10.Interest and hobbies:

Express your liking and your interests but be careful about what you are writing, it shouldn’t mention or point out your negative aspect.

11.Personal Information:

At the end do mention about your personal data, CNIC Number, nationality, marital status etc.

12.References:

Mention if any, but mostly write ‘Will be furnished on demand’

One survey of employers  found that the following aspects were most looked for:
45% Previous related work experience

35% Qualifications & skills
25% Easy to read
16% Accomplishments
14% Spelling & grammar
9% Education (these were not just graduate recruiters for whom this score would be much higher!)
9% Intangibles: individuality/desire to succeed
3% Clear objective
2% Keywords added
1% Contact information
1% Personal experiences
1% Computer skills

There is no single “correct” way to write and present a CV but the following general rules apply:

  • It is targeted on the specific job or career area for which you are applying and brings out the relevant skills you have to offer
  • It is carefully and clearly laid out: logically ordered, easy to read and not cramped
  • It is informative but concise
  • It is accurate in content, spelling and grammar. If you mention attention to detail as a skill, make sure your spelling and grammar is perfect!